The power of two

Explanation of the Code

1. Reading Input:
   N = int(input())

   • The input() function reads a line of text from the user.
   • The int() function converts this input to an integer and stores it in the variable N.
2. Finding the Greatest Exponent:

   x = 0

   result = 1

   while result * 2 <= N:

   result *= 2

   x += 1

   • Initialize x to 0 and result to 1 (since 20=12^0 = 120=1).
   • Use a while loop to keep doubling the result (i.e., multiplying result by 2) until result * 2 exceeds N.
   • Each time the loop doubles result, increment x by 1.
3. Printing the Exponent and Result:

   print(x)

   print(result)

   • Once the loop finds the greatest result less than or equal to N, print the value of x and result.